Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Things to Do, Maps, Weather & More

Straddling the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, Great Smoky Mountains National Park protects over 520,000 acres of pristine landscape in the southern Appalachians.  The park is world-renowned for its exceptional natural beauty and its biodiversity. No place of equal size in a temperate climate can match the variety of plant and animal species at Great Smoky Mountains National Park!

As America’s most visited national park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park has captivated visitors for generations. It lies within a day’s drive of well over half of the U.S. population making it possible for millions to have a national park experience close to home. Visitors will find endless opportunities for exploration, recreation and education. With over 800 miles of hiking trails (including 74 miles of the Appalachian Trail) and opportunities to camp, fish and view wildlife, it’s no surprise that so many people flock to Great Smoky Mountains throughout the year.

Whether you are seeking mountain vistas, waterfalls, historical sites, scenic drives or abundant wildlife, Great Smoky Mountains National Park has something for everyone! At a minimum, you’ll need three days to visit the main attractions and get a taste of the Smokies. However, if you enjoy hiking, you could easily spend a week or more exploring the different areas of the park. We hope this guide will help you plan an amazing trip to Great Smoky Mountains National Park!

Before you leave on your trip, be sure and get a copy of our itinerary for Great Smoky Mountains National Park!  We include what to do in 1, 2 or 3 days, the best day hikes, hiking maps and so much more!

 

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK HISTORY

Great Smoky Mountains may be the most visited national park in the country but joining the national park system did not come easily. Talk of creating a national park in the southern Appalachians started in the late 1890s. However, it wasn’t until the 1920s that concerned locals pushed for preservation of the land as commercial logging threatened to destroy the area’s forests. At the time, newly formed auto organizations, like AAA, were interested in developing scenic roads. So, motorists played a huge role in the push for a national park.

In 1926, President Calvin Coolidge signed a bill that provided for the establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, along with Shenandoah National Park to the north. Former political boosters stepped up and acted as fundraisers, since the government was not allowed to buy land for national park use. The states of North Carolina and Tennessee, individuals, private groups and even schools contributed money for land purchases. By 1928, $5 million had been raised. The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund donated another $5 million to assure the purchase of the remaining land needed to establish a national park. Even with the money in hand, the land wasn’t easy to buy since it was owned by thousands of small farms, plus a handful of large timber and paper companies.

By 1934, the deeds for 300,000 acres of land were transferred by the states of Tennessee and North Carolina to the federal government. On June 15, 1934, Great Smoky Mountains National Park was officially established, and Congress authorized full development of public facilities. The Civilian Conservation Corps built many of the roads, hiking trails and other infrastructure throughout the Great Depression. In 1940, Great Smoky Mountains National Park was formally dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Rockefeller Memorial at Newfound Gap. It was designated an International Biosphere Reserve in 1976 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. Now, it is the most visited national park in the country! Over 13 million people visit the park each year to experience the magic of the Smokies!

 

FUN FACTS ABOUT GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

• Great Smoky Mountains National Park is one of only three national parks that straddle state borders. Death Valley and Yellowstone National Park are the other two.
• With over 19,000 documented species of plants and animals, Great Smoky Mountains is the most biodiverse park in the National Park system. However, many more are undocumented, and scientists believe an additional 80,000 to 100,000 species may live here!
• The park’s signature smoky haze is actually fog created by the area’s lush vegetation. Millions of plants in the Smokies exhale volatile organic compounds (VOCs) forming a vapor that gives the mountains their magical, blue haze. Although VOCs may sound dangerous, they are entirely natural!
• As of 2024, biologists estimate that roughly 1,900 black bears live in the park—a population density of approximately 2 bears per square mile!
• Great Smoky Mountains National Park is also known as the “Salamander Capital of the World,” since the area is home to over 30 species. Among those, there are 24 species of lungless salamanders, which “breath” through their skin and the linings of their mouths and throats.
• One reason the Smoky Mountains are so lush is that it rains A LOT, especially at higher elevations. The lowlands have an average rainfall of 55 inches per year, while higher elevations (like Clingmans Dome) receive an average rainfall of as much as 85 inches per year. Some of the high elevation areas in the park are classified as temperate rainforest, so visitors should always be prepared for some wet weather!

 

SUGARLANDS, GATLINBURG, AND LITTLE RIVER VALLEY AREAS OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

 

Sugarlands, Gatlinburg and Little River Valley area map courtesy of the National Park Service

The north-central section of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, closest to Gatlinburg, is home to a visitor center, scenic drives, waterfalls and some beautiful hikes! Sugarlands Visitor Center serves as the main entrance on the Tennessee side of the park, providing access to Newfound Gap Road and Little River Road. With easy access to lodging and all the amenities Gatlinburg and surrounding areas have to offer, this section of the park is especially busy.

When visiting the Sugarlands, Gatlinburg and Little River Valley areas of the park, our recommendations include:

Sugarlands Visitor Center

Whether you are driving Newfound Gap Road into the heart of the park or heading west on Little River Road towards Cades Cove, the Sugarlands Visitor Center is a great place to start your trip if you are staying in nearby Gatlinburg. Pick up a map, learn about the park’s natural history and enjoy a short movie about the park. Sugarlands Visitor Center has a bookstore, vending machines, and restrooms. The Backcountry Permit Office is also located here. The Sugarlands Visitor Center is open year-round, but hours vary by season. It is closed for Christmas Day.

 

Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail

Located just a mile off the main parkway in Gatlinburg, the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail invites visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of the park at a slower pace. Named for the powerful stream that runs through the area, the 5.5-mile, one-way loop road is a favorite side trip for those visiting the Gatlinburg area.

The motor nature trail winds along a stream and through thick, old-growth forest—passing numerous historic structures and waterfalls along the way. If you never leave your car, the entire loop can be driven in less than an hour (posted speed limit of 10 MPH). However, you could easily spend several hours in this area exploring historic cabins, waterfalls and whitewater creeks. Two popular waterfalls, Rainbow Falls and Grotto Falls, can be accessed via trailheads along this road.

Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail is open from 3/29-12/01 and closed in the winter. RVs, buses, and vans longer than 25 feet, plus vehicles towing trailers are prohibited.

These are a few interesting stops along the motor nature trail:

• Noah “Bud” Ogle Place. On the National Register of Historic Places, this homestead consists of a cabin, barn and tubmill built by Noah “Bud” Ogle in the late 19^th A 0.7-mile-long, self-guided nature trail loops through the homestead.
• Ephraim Bales Place. Although less remains of the Ephraim Bales homestead, we found this rustic “dogtrot” cabin interesting. Dogtrot cabins are essentially two cabins built side by side and separated by a breezeway, or “dogtrot”. One side was typically used as a kitchen and the other side as living quarters.

• The Place of 1,000 Drips. This roadside waterfall can be found towards the end of the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail. It is named for the way the falls split into many different “drips” and flow over moss-covered boulders. While not as large and spectacular as other waterfalls in the park, it can be viewed right from the car. Better yet, there is a small pull off just past the waterfall, so you can get a better photo. It is best viewed on a rainy day when the water is really flowing.

Little River Road

Connecting Gatlinburg to Townsend, Little River Road is an 18-mile scenic drive with overlooks, waterfalls, and access to trails. The winding, scenic road begins at the Sugarlands Visitor Center and provides access to both Elkmont and Tremont areas. It is also a popular route to Cades Cave. There are numerous pullouts for visitors to stop and admire the scenery or get closer to the river. There is also parking for three Quiet Walkways and a few hikes along the way.

Little River Road is open year-round, weather permitting. RVs and other large vehicles should use caution or avoid travel altogether on Little River Road between Townsend and Elkmont Campground. While larger vehicles are not prohibited, the road is narrow and very windy.

• Metcalf Bottoms Picnic Area. The Metcalf Bottoms Picnic Area is located on Little River Road halfway between Sugarlands Visitor Center and Townsend. There are 122 picnic sites split between two picnic loops—both in a pleasant, wooded area along the Little River. There are restrooms and a large picnic pavilion which can be reserved. A few popular hiking trails are nearby. The picnic area is accessible year-round; however, some parts are closed/gated in the winter. Metcalf Bridge has a 10-ton weight limit, so no RVs, buses or trailers are allowed.
• The Sinks. About 12 miles west of Sugarlands Visitor Center and just off Little River Road, the Sinks is a popular stop along the scenic drive. The cascades and deep pools that make up ‘The Sinks’ are actually man-made—created when loggers used dynamite to free a massive log jam at the bend in the river. Although it looks like a tempting spot to swim, there have been several drownings and other accidents here. There are safer spots along Little River Road.

• Meigs Falls. About 13 miles west of Sugarlands Visitor Center, Meigs Falls is another popular roadside waterfall along Little River Road. Although these falls are easy to miss, there is a turnout to stop and see the falls. The view from the edge of the road is partially blocked by trees when the foliage is full and green.

Elkmont

Located in the Little River Valley area of the park and near the Elkmont Campground, Elkmont is best known as the abandoned town of the Smokies. Once a booming logging camp and later a resort community for the wealthy, Elkmont is now home to a campground and historic district maintained by the national park. Today visitors can explore the area on foot and visit some of the remaining historic structures, including the Levi Trentham cabin and Elkmont Troll Bridge.

Elkmont is also the location of a unique spectacle! Each year in late May or early June, thousands of visitors gather in the Elkmont area to witness the synchronous firefly display. Since this event is so popular, the park offers a lottery system for vehicle reservation to minimize disturbances to the fireflies, reduce traffic congestion and provide a safe viewing experience for visitors. 

Hiking

There are a wide variety of trails from which to choose when exploring areas of the park closest to Gatlinburg. Here are some we recommend:

• Fighting Creek Trail (easy, 1.2-miles (round-trip), 130 ft. elevation gain)). This trail goes through a shady forest to an old cabin.
• Gatlinburg Trail (easy, 3.8-miles (round-trip), 157 ft. elevation gain)). This flat trail actually allows dogs and follows a river.
• Grotto Falls Trail (via Trillium Gap Trail) (easy / moderate, 2.6-miles (round-trip), 518 ft. elevation gain)). This trail passes through an old-growth forest ending up at the 25-foot Grotto Falls.  One of our favorites!
• Rainbow Falls Trail (moderate / strenuous, 5.5-miles (round-trip), 1653 ft. elevation gain)). This trail has some rocky climbing and is uphill the entire way, ending at a 90-foot waterfall.
• Laurel Falls Trail (easy, 2.4-miles (round-trip), 393 ft. elevation gain)). This trails is paved for most of the hike and leads to an 80-foot waterfall.  Highly recommended, but quite popular.
• Little River Trail (easy / moderate, 4.9-miles (round-trip), 480 ft. elevation gain)). This hike is great if you are staying over in Elkmont.  It leads to Cumberland Gap Trail Junction and features a fairytale-like bridge.

NEWFOUND GAP AREA OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

Newfound Gap map, courtesy of the National Park Service

Newfound Gap Road begins in Gatlinburg, TN and travels through the heart of Great Smoky Mountains National Park before ending in Cherokee, NC. This scenic, 31-mile drive winds its way into the mountains to the high point at Newfound Gap (5,046’) and then back down, passing scenic viewpoints, picnic areas and numerous trailheads along the way.

We’ve listed points of interest when traveling from Gatlinburg to Cherokee, but you can plan a trip in either direction or just do a smaller section depending on where you are staying in the park and how much time you have. There are no gas stations or commercial services along Newfound Gap Road, so plan accordingly. If you are just beginning your adventures from the Tennessee side of the park, be sure to start your driving tour of Newfound Gap Road at the Sugarlands Visitor Center in Gatlinburg (see previous section for more information).

When travelling Newfound Gap Road, our recommendations include:

Overlooks (Tennessee)

Consider stopping at these overlooks when headed towards Newfound Gap--Campbell Overlook (Mile 4) and Morton Overlook (Mile 14), which is a great spot for sunsets!

Chimneys Picnic Area

The popular Chimneys picnic area (Mile 6.2) sits next to the west prong of the Little Pigeon River. The area is heavily forested, offering plenty of shade. It’s a great spot to beat the summer heat, enjoy a picnic lunch by the river and maybe even dip your toes in the cold water! Arrive early during peak tourist seasons to secure a picnic site. Restrooms are available. Closed during winter.

Newfound Gap Overlook

Stop and take in the vistas at the highest point on Newfound Gap Road! At 5,046’, the Newfound Gap overlook (Mile 14.7) offers spectacular southeastern views of the Smoky Mountains AND the opportunity to stand in two states at one time! The Appalachian Trail also crosses over Newfound Gap Road at this location, making it a trailhead for a section hike of the AT.

Clingmans Dome and Clingmans Dome Visitor Contact Center

Just past Newfound Gap, take the turnoff onto the road for Clingmans Dome (Mile 14.8) and make your way to one of the most popular attractions at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. At 6,643’, Clingmans Dome is the highest point in the park, in Tennessee AND along the Appalachian Trail! The large parking area has some pretty nice views to the south, but visitors willing to climb the steep, 0.5-mile path (1 mile RT; 330 ft elevation gain) to the observation tower at the summit will be rewarded with 360-degree views of the Smoky Mountains and beyond. On clear days, visitors can see up to 100 miles in any direction from the tower! It can also be one of the best places in the park to view sunrise or sunset…if the weather cooperates.

Due to its elevation, weather at Clingmans Dome can vary dramatically from other areas of the park. Expect temperatures to be up to 10-20 degrees colder than lower elevation locations in the park. There is a small visitor center at the trailhead with park information, a small gift shop and public restrooms.

The road to Clingmans Dome is closed in the winter--from December through March. The Clingmans Dome Visitor Contact Center is open from April through the end of November (weather permitting), and hours vary by season. The trail to the summit of Clingmans Dome is paved but too steep to be wheelchair accessible. Pets are not permitted on the trail to the summit or any other trails in the area.

Overlooks (North Carolina)

Consider stopping at one (or all!) of these overlooks when headed towards Cherokee, North Carolina--Oconaluftee Valley Overlook (Mile 15.4), Swinging Bridges Overlooks and Charles A. Webb Overlook (Miles 16-17).

Collins Creek Picnic Area (North Carolina)

 This large and shaded picnic area (Mile 25.4) is a great spot to take a quiet break or enjoy a picnic lunch while exploring the North Carolina side of Newfound Gap Road. Restrooms are available and a covered pavilion can be reserved in advance. Closed during winter.

Mingus Mill

The historic Mingus Mill (Mile 29.9) is temporarily closed for preservation and rehabilitation work.

Oconaluftee Visitor Center

The Oconaluftee Visitor Center (Mile 30.3) will be the final stop along the Newfound Gap Road for those traveling from Gatlinburg to Cherokee. (For information about the visitor center, see our section about the Oconaluftee and Deep Creek areas.)

Hiking

There are dozens of hiking trails along Newfound Gap Road for explorers of all abilities! For visitors seeking an easy nature walk, there are several Quiet Walkways along Newfound Gap Road. Quiet Walkways are unique to Great Smoky Mountains National Park and are designed to allow visitors a peaceful place to escape the crowds and enjoy the park’s natural surroundings. Most are ¼ - ½ mile in length and rarely busy. For active families and adventurous hikers, Newfound Gap Road has some of the best trails in the park! Here are some we recommend:

• Chimney Tops Trail (strenuous, 3.6-miles (round-trip), 1371 ft. elevation gain)). One of the most popular hikes in the park, this trail has amazing views.  It’s a pretty tough climb but worth it!
• Alum Cave Trail (moderate, 4.6-miles (round-trip), 1350 ft. elevation gain)). This was one of our favorite trails.  It heads along a stream before getting to the Alum Cave Bluffs.
• Andrews Bald via Forney Ridge Trail (moderate, 3.6-miles (round-trip), 839 ft. elevation gain)). This heads to Andrews Bald, which is the highest bald in the park.  The summit is grassy with incredible views.
• Charlies Bunion via Appalachian Trail (moderate, 8.0-miles (round-trip), 1900 ft. elevation gain)). This hike goes to the picturesque stone outcrop known as Charlies Bunion with great views of the Smokies.

 

CADES COVE, TOWNSEND AND TREMONT AREAS OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

Cades Cove and Townsend area maps, courtesy of the National Park Service

Located in the northwest section of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cades Cove is one of the most popular destinations in the park and not to be missed! This picturesque valley offers spectacular Smoky Mountains scenery, abundant wildlife, and hiking trails. Cades Cove also has the widest variety of historic buildings of any area in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, including churches, barns, homes and a gristmill. Allow 2-4 hours to tour Cades Cove, longer if you plan to explore any of the area’s hiking trails.

While Cades Cove is one of the most popular areas of the park, few visitors even know about Tremont! The turnoff for Tremont Road is shortly after you leave Townsend, as if you were headed towards Cades Cove. Instead of staying on Laurel Creek Road to Cades Cove, turn left onto Tremont Road, which leads to the Great Smoky Mountains Institute. What few people know is that the Tremont area has so much more to offer—a scenic drive, roadside pullouts with access to the river and a network of hiking trails to some hidden gems! Upper Tremont Road, beyond GSM Institute is gravel but so peaceful and seemingly hidden away from the rest of the park. Enjoy nature and a slower pace if you make the trek out to this area.

When visiting the Cades Cove, Townsend and Tremont areas, our recommendations include:

Townsend Visitor Center

While not run but National Park Service, the Townsend Visitor Center is a great stop on the way into the park for information. Public restrooms are available.

Touring Cades Cove Loop Road by Vehicle

The 11-mile, one way loop circles Cades Cove, offering visitors the opportunity to sightsee at a slower pace. There are lots of pullouts to enjoy the scenery and view wildlife. We saw numerous black bears and a few deer during our visit in late April. You can also park and walk to numerous historic buildings scattered along the loop road, including the John Oliver Cabin, three churches, Tipton Place and Carter Shields Cabin, amongst others.

Expect heavy traffic during summer and fall and weekends year-round. We recommend visiting early in the morning or late in the afternoon during the busy tourist seasons. Pack your patience and some snacks or lunch in case you get stopped in traffic. It is a single-lane, one-way road, so there’s no turning back once you’ve entered (except for a couple dirt roads that shorten the loop if you plan to avoid the far end of Cades Cove and the Cable Mill Historic Area).

Cades Cove Loop Road is open daily from 8 am to sunset.

Cades Cove Visitor Center and Cable Mill Historic Area

Located roughly half-way through the Cades Cove Loop Road, the Cades Cove Visitor Center is situated within the Cable Mill Historic Area. This small visitor center has maps and informational brochures, a gift shop, and nearby restrooms. Wander around the Cable Mill Historic area for a glimpse of what life was like in a traditional Appalachian farming community. Visit historic buildings including Cable Mill (a water-powered gristmill), the Gregg-Cable house, and blacksmith shop.

The Cades Cove Visitor Center is open year-round, but hours vary by season. It is closed on Christmas Day. Cable Mill is open 9-5 daily March-October and open Friday-Sunday in November.

Biking Cades Cove Loop Road

Most park roads are not well suited for safe biking; however, the Cades Cove Loop Road is an exception. Visitors can bike the 11-mile one-way road past fields encircled by mountains and stop at historic buildings along the way. On Wednesdays from May through September, cyclists (and pedestrians) can experience Cades Cove without motor vehicles. Bikes can be rented at the Cades Cove campground store during summer and fall. See the NPS site for more information on Cades Cove Vehicle-Free Days.

Hiking

Numerous hiking trails originate in the northwest section of the park, many quite long in length. These are our suggestions for some easy to moderate day hikes:

• Pine Oak Nature Trail (easy, 0.8-miles (round-trip), 200 ft. elevation gain)). This short hike is great for getting information about the local trees in the area.  Head here if you are staying at the Cades Cove Campground.
• Abrams Falls Trail (moderate, 5.0-miles (round-trip), 721 ft. elevation gain)). This hike leads to the powerful Abrams Falls.  They are 20 feet high but the rocky cliffs are amazing!
• Schoolhouse Gap Trail (moderate, 4.7-miles (round-trip), 597 ft. elevation gain)). This hike is great for wildflower viewing in the spring and early summer.
• Thunderhead Prong Quiet Walkway (easy, 1.3-miles (round-trip), minimal elevation gain)). This short hike is in a quiet area of the park and quite isolated, so don’t expect to run into many other hikers!
• Spruce Flats Falls Trail (easy / moderate, 1.6-miles (round-trip), 430 ft. elevation gain)). This relatively short hike leads to a waterfall after some rock scrambling.
• Indian Flats via Middle Prong Trail (moderate / strenuous, 7.8-miles (round-trip), 1100 ft. elevation gain)). This hike includes several cascades as well as access to Indian Flats Falls.

GREENBRIER, COSBY AND BIG CREEK AREAS OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

 

Greenbrier, Cosby and Big Creek area map, courtesy of the National Park Service

Greenbrier, Cosby and Big Creek are located in the northeastern section of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. These areas might appeal to visitors wanting to experience the Smokies without crowds. Enjoy that peaceful, deep in the woods feeling and the sounds of rushing water when you visit Greenbrier. Located just 15 minutes east of downtown Gatlinburg, Greenbrier has a ranger station, picnic area, and trails to two waterfalls. Cosby lies further east and has a beautiful picnic area, campground and hiking trails for all abilities. Located between Cosby and Cataloochee, the Big Creek area is centered around the creek itself. The campground, large picnic area, and hiking trails all have water access to one of the largest and most beautiful creeks in the national park. Big Creek tends to have a bit more activity in the summer since it is also the location of a popular swimming hole.

When visiting the Greenbrier, Cosby and Big Creek areas, our recommendations include:

Picnicking

Greenbrier, Cosby and Big Creek all have picnic areas. Greenbrier is small and only has 12 picnic tables but is rarely crowded. The Cosby picnic area is in a beautiful, wooded area near the Cosby campground. It has 35 picnic sites, some right next to Cosby Creek. Big Creek picnic area only has 10 picnic sites, but the location is pretty perfect with excellent swimming holes and hiking trails so close by! Big Creek and Cosby picnic areas are open seasonally, while Greenbrier is open year-round. Cosby and Greenbrier have picnic pavilions that can be reserved for large groups. 

Hiking

There are dozens of hiking trails in the northeast section—many which are quite long. These are our suggestions for an assortment of easy to moderate day hikes in this less crowded area of the park.

• Fern Branch Falls via Porters Creek Trail (moderate, 4.0-miles (round-trip), 800 ft. elevation gain)). This walk in the woods travels by rock walls and a few historic sites before getting to Fern Branch Falls.
• Cosby Nature Trail (easy, 1.3-miles (round-trip), minimal elevation gain)). This short hike is great for families and features bridges and waterfalls.
• Hen Wallow Falls via Games Mountain Trail (moderate, 4.4-miles (round-trip), 931 ft. elevation gain)). The hike to the falls isn’t hard but it will get your heart going!  At the end is the 90 foot falls, which is great after the rain in particular!
• Mouse Creek Falls via Big Creek Trail (easy / moderate, 4.2-miles (round-trip), 540 ft. elevation gain)). This is along an old railroad bed, so the grade is gradual as it heads to the 45-foot Mouse Creek Falls.

 

CATALOOCHEE AND BALSAM MOUNTAIN AREAS OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

Cataloochee and Balsam Mountain area maps, courtesy of the National Park Service

The southeast section of the park is home to the Cataloochee and Balsam Mountain areas. Both areas are a bit off the beaten path and require some caution driving on windy, gravel roads. However, if you seek escape from crowds at the park’s most popular attractions, these areas might be just right for you! Explore historic buildings and view elk in the peaceful Cataloochee Valley or take a scenic drive on the winding mountain roads of Balsam Mountain.

Be advised that Cove Creek Road, which leads into the Cataloochee Area, is a steep, narrow, and curving mountain road—mostly paved but with some gravel sections. Some of the turns have a recommended speed of 5 mph. Tight turns make travel challenging for RVs and vehicles towing trailers. It takes about an hour to get into the area from the highway. Take your time and be careful of potential oncoming traffic on blind corners.

***In the Balsam Mountain area (to the west of Cataloochee), there are several seasonal road closures (starting in early November). Straight Fork Road opens early April. Heintooga Ridge Road and Heintooga / Round Bottom Road (aka Balsam Mountain Road) open mid-May. All vehicles longer than 25 feet and passenger vehicles towing trailers are prohibited on Heintooga Ridge Road andHeintooga / Round Bottom Road.

When visiting the Cataloochee and Balsam Mountain areas, our recommendations include:

Cataloochee Valley Overlook

When coming from Cove Creek Road onto the paved portion of Cataloochee Road, the Cataloochee Valley Overlook is your first opportunity to stop and view the mountain scenery. This scenic overlook is a popular spot for photographers, especially at sunset.

Wildlife Viewing (Cataloochee Valley)

 In 2001, 25 elk were released in the Cataloochee Valley area as part of a project to reintroduce elk into the Smokies. Now, Cataloochee is one of the best places in the park to spot elk, which can be commonly seen grazing in the fields of the valley. Cataloochee visitors can also enjoy viewing deer, turkey and other wildlife. The best times to view wildlife are early morning and late evening.

Visit Historic Structures (Cataloochee)

 This isolated valley was once home to a thriving community of farming families. Today visitors can see a variety of historical buildings that have been preserved in the valley. Tour a school, two churches and several homesteads that date back to the late 19^th and early 20th centuries. Some historic buildings are located along the road in the valley, while others can be reached by walking a couple miles down the Little Cataloochee Trail. Learn about the history of the area and each of the buildings by picking up a Self-Guiding Auto Tour booklet. For a small fee, these booklets are available in a roadside box near the entrance to the valley.

Heintooga Ridge Road Scenic Drive (Balsam Mountain)

 Take a scenic drive to Balsam Mountain via Heintooga Ridge Road, which starts on the Blue Ridge Parkway at Milepost 458.2. Enjoy roadside views from Mile High, Lake Junaluska, and Maggie Valley Overlooks (within the Blue Ridge Parkway boundaries) before entering Great Smoky Mountains National Park. At the end of the paved section of road, enjoy the beautiful Heintooga Overlook and picnic area. This road also provides access to several trails including Flat Creek Trail (see hiking section below for more information). The rugged, one-way Heintooga / Round Bottom Road begins here.

Heintooga / Round Bottom Road Scenic Drive (Balsam Mountain)

 Take the road less traveled and continue on the rough and winding Heintooga / Round Bottom Road. Although there are no major attractions on this 14-mile one-way, gravel road, it is a beautiful way to escape the crowds. The road runs north along Balsam Mountain, winding its way through lush, green forest and along creeks before descending into Straight Fork Valley. The one-way road becomes two-way just before it joins the paved Big Cove Road (north of Cherokee). 4WD is not needed but a vehicle with some clearance is helpful. Max speed is 15 MPH, so be prepared for a long, slow drive.

Hiking

Cataloochee Valley and Balsam Mountain are the starting points for several long hiking trails. However, some visitors may enjoy hiking a shorter section of trails which lead to historic structures and homesites. Here are some trails we recommend in those areas:

• Little Cataloochee Trail (strenuous, 10.2-miles (round-trip), 2345 ft. elevation gain)). This trail includes historic buildings and some great views.
• Rough Fork Trail (strenuous, 12.3-miles (round-trip), 2293 ft. elevation gain)). This long and difficult hike is along a forested trail with water crossings.  You may just want to hike a small portion as it’s pretty right from the beginning!
• Boogerman Trail (moderate / strenuous, 7.4-miles (round-trip), 1122 ft. elevation gain)). The Boogerman Trail includes a hike through a forest as well as some neat river crossings.
• Flat Creek Trail (moderate, 5.2-miles (round-trip), 700 ft. elevation gain)). This crosses a creek before heading to a small picnic area. It’s a bit steep but quite nice!This is along an old railroad bed, so the grade is gradual as it heads to the 45-foot Mouse Creek Falls.

 

OCONALUFTEE AND DEEP CREEK AREAS OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

 

Oconaluftee and Deep Creek are located in the south-central area of the park. The Oconaluftee area is home to the main entrance on the North Carolina side of the park, the Oconaluftee Visitor Center and the Mountain Farm Museum. It is also a great spot to see elk and deer grazing in the low-lying fields. Located just a few miles from Bryson City, the Deep Creek area is home to creeks and cascading waterfalls. There are trails for hiking, biking, and horseback riding. Tubing and fishing are also popular activities in the Deep Creek area.

When visiting the Oconaluftee and Deep Creek areas, our recommendations include:

Oconaluftee Visitor Center

Located just beyond the park’s main southern entrance, the Oconaluftee Visitor Center is a great place to start if you are beginning your trip from Cherokee, NC. Pick up a map, learn about the park’s cultural history and enjoy the views from the back porch. This visitor center has a bookstore and restrooms. The Oconaluftee Visitor Center is open year-round, but hours vary by season. It is closed for Christmas.

Mountain Farm Museum

The Mountain Farm Museum is adjacent to the visitor center. It is a collection of historic farm buildings assembled from various locations throughout the park. Take a walk through the history of the area as you explore a log farmhouse, barn, working blacksmith shop and other structures.

Wildlife Viewing (Oconaluftee)

Elk often graze in the fields just beyond the park entrance and next to the visitor center. They have also been spotted along the Oconaluftee River. The best times to view them are early morning and late evening.

Biking at Oconaluftee and Deep Creek

While not allowed in most areas of the park, bicycles are allowed on the Oconaluftee River Trail and marked portions of the Deep Creek Trail and Indian Creek Trail.

Tubing at Deep Creek

Beat the summer heat and go tubing on Deep Creek! There are several locations in Bryson City, near the national park entrance, that offer tube rentals. From the parking lot for the Deep Creek trailhead, carry your tube less than a mile into the park on the Deep Creek Trail and hop in where the Indian Creek flows into Deep Creek.

Hiking

Check out the following easy to moderate trails in the Oconaluftee and Deep River areas.

• Oconaluftee River Trail (easy, 3.1-miles (round-trip), 49 ft. elevation gain)). This easy hike is along the river, and dogs are allowed.
• Mingo Falls (Pigeon Creek Trail) (easy/moderate, 0.4-miles (round-trip), 124 ft. elevation gain)). This is one of the tallest falls in the area (120 feet!).  There are about 150 steps of elevation gain.
• Juney Whank Falls Trail (easy, 0.6-miles (round-trip), 154 ft. elevation gain)). This hike includes a small waterfall, which is great to see if you are in the area.
• Three Waterfalls Loop (moderate, 2.5-miles (round-trip), 892 ft. elevation gain)). This moderate hike includes three waterfalls (Juney Whank, Indian Creek and Tom Branch Falls.

 

FONTANA DAM AND TWENTYMILE AREAS OF GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

 

The southwest region of the park is home to the Fontana Dam, Fontana Lake and Twenty Mile areas. Fontana Village, NC is the closest town to this area of the park. When visiting this area, check out the TVA Fontana Dam Visitor Center (operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority) for maps, videos and displays about the history of the dam. The visitor center is open from April through October. Hours vary by season.

Located 9 miles west of Fontana Dam and just off NC State Highway 28 is an area called Twentymile, the southernmost access point to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This little-visited area of the park is best for hikers seeking long trails and solitude in the forest.

When visiting the southwest region of the park, our recommendations include:

Fontana Dam

Standing at 480 feet, the Fontana Dam is an impressive work of engineering. It is the tallest dam east of the Rocky Mountains! The Fontana dam holds back the Little Tennessee River forming Fontana Lake and generating hydroelectric power. Park at the visitor center to walk across the top of the dam or drive across to enter Great Smoky Mountains National Park and access hiking trails including the Appalachian Trail and Lakeshore Trail.

Fontana Lake

Fontana Lake is a 29-mile-long reservoir that runs along the North Carolina border of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. It is a destination for outdoor enthusiasts who enjoy boating, fishing and swimming (kayak and paddleboard rentals are available at Fontana Village Resort and Marina). With more than 240 miles of shoreline bordering the national park and a Nantahala National Forest, Fontana Lake also offers some amazing, remote backcountry campsites only accessible by boat or hiking in from the Lakeshore Trail. Backcountry campers must make a reservation and get a permit for these backcountry sites within the national park.

Hiking

Although the southern area of the park isn’t quite as populated with hiking trails, there are a few trails which can be accessed by crossing the Fontana Dam or from the Twentymile ranger station.

• Lakeshore Trail (strenuous, 33.0-miles (round-trip), 4693 ft. elevation gain)). The 33-mile Lakeshore Trail stretches from Fontana Lake to the Road to Nowhere Tunnel in Bryson City. Some use it to access backcountry campsites along Fontana Lake. Others may choose to walk just a couple miles in to see some abandoned Ford cars and other relics from the 1930s along the edge of the trail (once part of an old road).
• Shuckstack Tower via Appalachian Trail (strenuous, 7.0-miles (round-trip), 2200 ft. elevation gain)). This hike heads uphill to a fire tower with amazing 360-degree views.
• Twentymile Creek Loop (moderate, 7.6-miles (round-trip), 1368 ft. elevation gain)). This hike includes numerous stream crossings and is a great hike in the woods.
• Shukstack via Twentymile (moderate / hard, 10.6-miles (round-trip), 2565 ft. elevation gain)). This challenging hike follows along the river to the fire tower.

 

MORE THINGS TO DO AT GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

In addition to exploring hiking trails and the main park attractions, Great Smoky Mountains National Park visitors can enjoy a variety of other activities.

Wildlife viewing

Wildlife viewing is a popular activity in the Smokies since more than 60 species of mammals live in the park. Two popular large species are elk and black bear. The best places to spot elk are open areas like Cataloochee Valley and the fields surrounding the Oconaluftee Visitor Center and Mountain Farm Museum. The best places to spot black bears are Cades Cove and the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail. We were pleasantly surprised to see LOTS of black bears foraging in the fields during our drive through Cades Cove on an afternoon in late April! Both elk and black bears are most active and visible in the early morning and late evening. Remember to give wildlife their space. As park law states, “Willfully approaching wildlife within 50 yards (150 feet), or any distance that disturbs or displaces an animal, is prohibited.” Feeding, touching or intentionally disturbing any wildlife is also prohibited.

Horseback riding

Traveling scenic park trails on horseback is a great way to experience the park. From mid-March through late-November, guided horseback rides are available at three stables in the park.

Fishing

There are about 2,900 miles of streams within Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and fishing is allowed in all of them. Fishing is permitted year-round in the park, but a North Carolina or Tennessee fishing license is required. A free fishing map with park fishing regulations is available at visitor centers.

 

OTHER PLACES TO VISIT NEAR GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

If you have extra time while visiting Great Smoky Mountains National Park, check out these nearby scenic drives and national forests.

• Blue Ridge Parkway. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is connected via the Blue Ridge Parkway to Shenandoah National Park in Virginia. The 469-mile parkway offers breathtaking views, hundreds of miles of hiking trails, campgrounds and other recreational opportunities. Even if you only have a few hours to spare, it’s worth hopping on the southern end (entrance is just south of the Oconaluftee Visitor Center) to check out the scenic parkway known as “America’s Favorite Drive”.

• Foothills Parkway. Traverse the foothills of the Smokies on a portion of the scenic Foothills Parkway. Under construction since 1944, this scenic parkway is the oldest unfinished highway project in Tennessee. Once complete, the Foothills Parkway will run 72 miles along the western and northern edges of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, connecting US Highway 129 in Chilhowee, TN and Interstate 40 in Cosby, TN.

• Pisgah National Forest. Covering over 500,000 acres in western North Carolina, Pisgah National Forest offers a variety of recreation opportunities for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. The park is home to countless waterfalls, rushing rivers and hundreds of miles of scenic trails. Be sure to check out attractions just off US Highway 276 including Sliding Rock, Looking Glass Falls and the Cradle of Forestry. Hikers will also enjoy the 6-mile hike to Looking Glass Rock.
• Nantahala National Forest. The wild and scenic Nantahala National Forest covers over 530,000 acres in the southwestern corner of North Carolina. It is the largest of the state’s four national forests and includes more than 27,000 acres of designated wilderness. Visitors can enjoy Scenic drives, hiking, mountain biking, camping and whitewater rafting at Nantahala National Forest.

Approximate distance to other national parks:

• Congaree National Park. 220 miles, 4 hours.
• Mammoth Cave National Park. 230 miles, 4.5 hours.
• New River Gorge National Park. 270 miles, 4.75 hours.
• Shenandoah National Park. 350 miles, 6 hours.

 

There’s also plenty to see and do in these gateway towns:

• Gatlinburg, TN. Situated just outside the park’s Sugarland entrance, Gatlinburg is a popular basecamp for a Smoky Mountains adventure. It has fewer than 4,000 residents, but there’s no shortage of things to do! Check out attractions like the Gatlinburg Space Needle, the aerial tramway at Ober Mountain and Ripley’s Aquarium of the Smokies.
• Pigeon Forge, TN. Located in the foothills of the Smoky Mountains and 8 miles north of Gatlinburg, Pigeon Forge is a vibrant town and hub for tourists. It is best known as the home of Dollywood but has loads of other popular attractions including the Titanic Museum and the Island in Pigeon Forge.
• Byson City, NC. Bryson City is a charming mountain town bordering the park’s Deep Creek area. Take a scenic ride on the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad, book a guided rafting experience or ride an inner tube down the rapids of Deep Creek.

 

 

HOW TO GET TO GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK AND OTHER TRAVEL INFORMATION

Great Smoky Mountains National Park straddles the border of Tennessee and North Carolina. The nearest major airport is McGhee-Tyson Airport, just south of Knoxville, TN. Another option is to fly into Asheville Regional Airport, located in Asheville, North Carolina. This is a smaller airport located about 60 miles east of the Cherokee, NC entrance to the park. There are no public transportation services for getting to or around the park, so you’ll need to rent a car or have your own transportation.

• If flying into McGhee-Tyson Airport, here are directions from McGhee Tyson Airport to Gatlinburg, TN. The 45-mile drive will take about 1 ½ hours.
• If flying into Charlotte Douglass International Airport, here are directions from Asheville Regional Airport to Cherokee, NC The 56-mile drive will take about 1 ¼ hours.
• Approximate travel distances/times if driving from other destinations in the southeast:
  • Chattanooga, TN to Gatlinburg, TN: 2.75 hours; 150 miles
  • Charlotte, NC to Cherokee, NC: 3 hours; 165 miles
  • Atlanta, GA to Cherokee, NC: 3.25 hours; 165 miles

Whether you are driving straight to the park or coming from a nearby airport, you’ll pass through one of three gateway towns: Cherokee, NC, Gatlinburg, TN, or Townsend, TN. These towns coincide with the three main entrances to the park.

Travel Tips

• Fill your gas tank in town before entering the park. There are no gas stations inside the park.
• Pick up a free park road map in a park visitor center or download a free topographic map. GPS and vehicle navigation systems may provide inaccurate information in the mountains. Most areas of the park do not have cellular service, so do not rely on your cell phone as a map unless you have downloaded one.

 Travel Information for Trailer, RVs and Oversized Vehicles

• Trailers, RVs and oversized vehicles are prohibited on some secondary roads in the park—Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail, Greenbrier Road (past the ranger station), Rich Mountain Road, Balsam Mountain Road and Heintooga Ridge Road.
• RVs and other large vehicles should use caution or avoid travel altogether on Little River Road between Townsend and Elkmont Campground. While larger vehicles are not prohibited, the road is narrow and very windy.
• RVs and other large vehicles should also avoid the road leading to the Cataloochee entrance. This steep and narrow gravel road has sharp drop-offs, no guard rails and tight switchbacks.

 

ENTRANCE FEES AND REQUIRED PASSES FOR GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

No, Great Smoky Mountains National Park does not charge an entrance fee. However, as of March 1, 2023, a valid parking tag is required for all visitors parking for more than 15 minutes anywhere inside of the park. Parking tags can be purchased online or in person at visitor centers, automated fee machines and a few stores in the surrounding area.

• Visitors can purchase a daily ($5), weekly ($15), or annual ($40) pass.
• Parking tags are not required for motorists just passing through the park.
• Interagency passes (America the Beautiful Passes) are not accepted in lieu of a parking tag.
• Have your license plate number handy when you purchase your parking tag, since they are license plate specific. Traveler tip: If renting a car, take a photo with your cell phone for easy access to your plate number.

See the NPS website for more information on parking tags—purchase options, how to display your tag and FAQs.

You might be thinking: Why is there no fee to get inside the most popular park in the US? Before Great Smoky Mountains National Park was established, the states of Tennessee and North Carolina paid to build Newfound Gap Road to connect the towns of Gatlinburg and Cherokee. When they deeded the land to the federal government, it was under the condition that “no toll or license fee” would ever be implemented. Since the parking tags apply to parking areas throughout the park and not travel on Newfound Gap Road, it is a way for the park to generate much needed revenue. These critically needed funds help to improve visitor services, maintain trails and preserve the area for generations to come! We think it is a small price to pay to enjoy such an amazing place!

 

WHERE TO STAY IN AND NEAR GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

Great Smoky Mountains National Park Lodging: The only lodge within Great Smoky Mountains National Park is in the middle of the Smoky Mountains wilderness at 6400 feet. Located on the crest of Mount LeConte, the LeConte Lodge is the highest guest lodge in the eastern US and can only be reached by hiking one of six trails (ranging in length from 5 to 9 miles). If this adventurous accommodation sounds up your alley, a reservation lottery happens in the fall. Reservations are hard to come by, but worth the effort if you happen to be one of the lucky ones who gets the chance to experience an overnight stay at the LeConte Lodge. See the LeConte Lodge Reservation page for information regarding booking, rates and waitlists.

Towns that surround the national park offer a wide variety of accommodations including hotels, bed and breakfasts and cabins. Where you decide to stay might depend on whether you prefer to be close to services and amenities and where you plan to spend most of your time. We rented a place through Airbnb—a quaint, log cabin in the hills of Sevierville with mountain views. However, if you prefer a little more action, a hotel in Gatlinburg or Pigeon Forge might be a better choice.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park Camping: Aside from the LeConte Lodge, camping is the only way to spend the night inside Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The park offers several different types of campgrounds—frontcountry (developed), backcountry, group (located in frontcountry campgrounds) and horse camps.

There are 10 frontcountry campgrounds and each has restrooms with running water and flush toilets (no showers). Each campsite has a picnic table and a fire grate. No hook-ups are available at any of the park campgrounds. Cades Cove and Smokemont Campgrounds are open year-round, while all others are open seasonally.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park has five drive-in horse camps. These primitive campgrounds offer easy access to backcountry trails for equestrians in the park. The horse camps are open from the end of March through October, by reservation only.

Reservations are required at all Great Smoky Mountains National Park campgrounds. To reserve a campsite, visit recreation.gov. Individual sites can be booked up to 6 months in advance and group sites can be booked up to a year in advance. Campsites book up quickly for weekends and the summer season. Facilities that remain open during the off-season (November-April) have some first-come, first served campsites available.

For backpackers, there are over 100 backcountry campsites and shelters from which to choose in the wilderness areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The park requires reservations and permits for all overnight stays in the backcountry. The park’s Backcountry Office is located at the Sugarlands Visitor Center. 

 

WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO VISIT GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK?

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is open year-round, and each season offers a unique experience! However, the best season to visit depends on what you’d like to see and do while at the park. Like many national parks, summer is the most popular time of year to visit Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Since we love hiking and exploring with pleasant temperatures and fewer crowds, we recommend spring and fall. We’ve included a breakdown of the pros and cons of each season so you can decide on the best time for your visit!

Spring is a great season to visit the park, if you time your trip right. Crowds are minimal, especially early in the season. By late April, hillsides are starting to turn green, wildflowers are blooming, and waterfalls are gushing! While spring is a beautiful time to visit the park, this season also brings unpredictable weather. You might encounter fair skies and mild temperatures at low elevations, but rain or snow flurries up while travelling Newfound Gap Road. In addition to temperature swings, the park also receives some of its highest amounts of precipitation during the spring. Be prepared for any conditions (with warm layers and rain gear) and check the weather before your visit.

Summer is the busiest season at Great Smoky Mountains National Park with warm weather and long days. Hiking trails are all open and tourist amenities are in full swing. Visitors can enjoy warm weather activities in the Smoky Mountains area such as rafting, tubing and swimming. However, summer also brings bugs, heat, haze and humidity. High temperatures can rise above the 90s, so plan to explore lower elevations in the early morning or evening and head to cooler mountain areas of the park during summer afternoons. Afternoon showers and thunderstorms are common during warmer months, so check the weather before heading out for a hike. As we mentioned before, summer is the most popular time of year to visit. Expect parking areas, trails, scenic drives and campgrounds to be extremely busy. If you do visit in the summer, plan to arrive at the park early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Avoid the most popular attractions like Clingmans Dome and Cades Cove in the middle of the day.

Fall is a great time to visit the Smoky Mountains with generally pleasant daytime temperatures and lower humidity. Fall is also the park’s driest season—making it an optimal time for hikers and backpackers to explore the park. As the leaves begin to change, visitors pack the park once again to experience one of the most spectacular displays of fall colors in the country! Mid to late October, when fall colors are at their peak, is especially busy. Consider visiting in late September/early October or November to avoid the peak foliage crowds.

Winter can be a magical time in the park, if you don’t mind cooler temperatures. With the right clothing and gear, this can be a great time to take advantage of nearly deserted park trails. Lucky travelers might get to experience a winter wonderland at higher elevations. The downside of a winter visit is that some park roads, visitor centers, campgrounds and other facilities may be closed in the wintertime. Be sure to check for closures and alerts at the park before visiting.

Average high and low temperatures for Great Smoky Mountains National Park

 

WHAT TO BRING TO GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK

Before visiting, fill up your gas tank and pack everything you need to enjoy a day at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. A couple visitor centers have vending machines and convenience items (like sunblock and bug spray) in their park stores; however, there are no restaurants or gas stations inside the park. We recommend packing the following items:

• Reusable water bottles (water refill station at Sugarlands Visitor Center)
• Snacks/picnic lunch
• Daypack for hikes
• Sun protection
• Insect repellant
• Camera/binoculars
• Park maps/guidebooks
• Hiking boots or trail runners (sneakers suitable for trails)
• Clothing layers (temperatures can vary widely at different elevations within the park)
• Rain jacket (it rains a lot in the Smokies, so always be prepared for some soggy weather)

 

IS THERE CELLULAR ACCESS IN GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK?

Public WiFi is not available in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Cell service is spotty throughout most of the park and unavailable in locations such as Cades Cove and Cataloochee. It is generally available in communities surrounding the park. Don’t rely on your cell phone--plan ahead and either download maps or pick up free park road maps at a visitor center to help navigate the park.

 

ARE PETS ALLOWED IN GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK?

Yes, pets are allowed in Great Smoky Mountains National Park; however, they are only allowed in campgrounds, picnic areas, and along roads. They are not allowed on any park trails except two short walking paths—the Gatlinburg Trail and the Onconaluftee River Trail. For your pet to have a safe and positive experience while visiting the park, keep your pet leashed at all times. Do not leave pets unattended in your vehicle or on your campsite. If you need a safe place to board your pet while you are out exploring the park, there are several kennel options in Gatlinburg, Sevierville, and Pigeon Forge.   

 

RELATED INFORMATION ON GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK FROM JUST GO TRAVEL STUDIOS

• Ahead of your trip, check out our itinerary for Great Smoky Mountains National Park!
• When you get back from your trip, be sure to send us a couple of shots so you can get us to create a custom, vintage travel poster! We’ll use your own wording and edit as many times as needed until we get it just right!